What does differential reinforcement primarily aim to encourage in children?

Differential reinforcement primarily aims to increase the occurrence of desired behaviors by reinforcing independent responses while withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors. This process helps children learn to engage in more appropriate or functional behaviors on their own, fostering independence. By targeting specific behaviors for reinforcement, practitioners can effectively guide children in developing their skills and competencies.

This approach emphasizes the importance of positive reinforcement for behaviors that are not only desirable but also support independent functioning. By reinforcing these independent responses, children can gain confidence and become more self-sufficient over time, which is crucial in their developmental process.

The other options do not align with the core principles of differential reinforcement, as they suggest approaches that may discourage independent skill development or promote negative behaviors.